Functional Electrostimulation in Patients Affected by the Most Frequent Central Motor Neuron Disorders—A Scoping Review

Post-stroke sequelae, spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis are the most common disabling diseases of upper motor neurons. These cause functional limitations prevent patients from performing activities daily living. This review aims to identify potential electrical stimulation (FES) for locomotor rehabilitation use in neuron diseases. A systematic search was conducted. For strategy, MeSH terms such as “stroke”, “functional stimulus*” “FES”, “post-stroke”, “multiple sclerosis”, “spinal injury*” were used. Of 2228 papers raw results, 14 articles analyzed after inclusion exclusion criteria applied. Only four randomized clinical trials, but with low numbers participants. RehaMove, Microstim STIWELL reported three independent studies, whereas Odstock used articles. The results studies very heterogeneous, although lower extremity (11 out papers), walking speed only 6. Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up Go, Functional Ambulation Category, 6-Minute Walk Test, 10-Meter Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Motricity Index Action Research Arm Test assessment. assessment, Modified Barthel Index, Rivermead Mobility Stroke Impact Scale Four spread over 6 months, two investigated effects FES during one session, other eight conducted 3 8 weeks. Improvements related gait speed, ambulation, hand agility range motion. can be considered large-scale a neuroprosthesis syndromes, especially impaired patterns. Further research should focus on duration homogeneity assessment scales, also improvements devices, accessibility quality life.